Self Defense Combinations Agains a Punch

Israeli martial art

Krav Maga
קרב מגע‎

Krav Maga form at an Israeli Paratroopers school in 1955
Focus	Hybrid
Land of origin	Israel
Creator	Imi Lichtenfeld
Parenthood	Boxing, Wrestling, Judo, Aikido and Karate
Olympic sport	No

Krav Maga (; Hebrew: קרב מגע‎, [ˈkʁav maˈɡa(ʔ)] , lit. "contact combat") is a war machine self-defense and fighting system developed for the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Israeli security forces^{[one] [ii]} derived from a combination of techniques sourced from Boxing, Wrestling, Judo, Aikido, and Karate.^{[three] [iv]} Krav Maga is known for its focus on real-globe situations and its extreme efficiency.^[five] It was derived from the street-fighting experience of Hungarian-Israeli martial creative person Imi Lichtenfeld, who made employ of his grooming every bit a boxer and wrestler, while defending the Jewish quarter against fascist groups in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, during the mid-to-late 1930s.^[half-dozen] In the late 1940s, afterward his immigration to Mandatory Palestine, he began to provide lessons on combat training to what was to become the IDF.^[two]

From the outset, the original concept of Krav Maga was to take the nearly effective and practical techniques of other fighting styles (originally European boxing, wrestling, and street fighting) and to make them rapidly teachable to military conscripts.^[seven] Krav Maga has a philosophy emphasizing assailment,^[8] and simultaneous defensive and offensive maneuvers.^[9] Krav Maga has been used by the Israel Defence Forces' special forces units, security forces and past regular infantry units.^[ten] Closely related variations have been developed and adopted past Israeli law enforcement and intelligence organizations. In that location are several organizations teaching variations of Krav Maga internationally.^[11] In improver, there are two types of this martial fine art; one blazon is used in the Israeli security forces and ane type is in civilian use.^[11]

Etymology [edit]

The name in Hebrew tin be translated as "contact combat". The three alphabetic character root of the kickoff discussion is yard-r-five (קרב‎), and the noun derived from this root can be translated as either "combat" or "battle".^{[12] [13]} Maga is a participle form derived from the verb root "n-1000-'a" (נגע‎) which ways "contact" or "touch".^[13]

Basic principles [edit]

IDF soldier sparring in total combat gear

US Air Force and British Purple Air Forcefulness security personnel during Krav Maga training.

Like nigh martial arts, Krav Maga encourages students to avert physical confrontation.^[14] If this is impossible or unsafe, it promotes finishing a fight as quickly and aggressively every bit possible. Attacks are aimed at the most vulnerable parts of the body, and grooming is not limited to techniques that avert severe injury; some fifty-fifty permanently injure or cause death to the opponent.

Students learn to defend against all variety of attacks and are taught to counter in the quickest and nigh efficient style.

Ideas in Krav Maga include:^[fifteen]

• Simultaneous defense and attack
• Developing physical aggression (not to exist confused with emotional aggression or anger), with the view that physical aggression is the most important component in a fight^[16]
• Standing to strike the opponent until they are completely incapacitated.^[17]
• Attacking pre-emptively or counterattacking as before long equally possible
• Using any objects at hand that could be used to striking an opponent.^[18]
• Targeting attacks to the body's most vulnerable points, such as: the eyes, neck or pharynx, face up, solar plexus, groin, ribs, knee joint, foot, fingers, liver, etc.
• Using uncomplicated and easily repeatable strikes.^[eighteen]
• Maintaining awareness of environs while dealing with the threat in order to look for escape routes, further attackers, or objects that could be used to strike an opponent.
• Developing muscle memory for quick reaction in fight.
• Recognizing the importance of and expanding on instinctive response under stress^{[xix] [twenty] [21]}

Training can besides cover the study and development of situational awareness to develop an understanding of 1's surroundings, learning to sympathize the psychology of a street confrontation, and identifying potential threats before an assail occurs. It may too cover physical and verbal methods to avoid violence whenever possible. Information technology besides teaches mental toughness, using controlled scenarios to strengthen mental fortitude in order for students to control the impulse and not practise something rash, just instead set on only when necessary and as a last resort.

Techniques [edit]

Media footage demonstrating Krav Maga techniques to deal with assailants in mock gainsay using multiple different types of weapons; namely a pole, a knife, a gun, a rifle and mitt-to-hand.

Some of the key focuses of techniques^[22] in Krav Maga are—as described to a higher place—effectiveness and instinctive response nether stress. To that terminate, Krav Maga is an eclectic system that has not sought to replace existing effective techniques, taking what is useful from available systems, for case:

• Strikes – as per karate, and boxing,
• Take-downs and throws – per judo, aikido and wrestling
• Ground work – per judo and wrestling
• Escapes from chokes and holds – per judo, aikido, wrestling
• Empty-hand weapon defenses – per aikido

History [edit]

Imre Lichtenfeld (too known as Imi South'de-Or) was born in 1910 in Budapest, Austro-Hungary to a Jewish family and grew upwardly in Bratislava (Slovakia). Lichtenfeld became agile in a wide range of sports, including gymnastics, wrestling, and boxing. In 1928, Lichtenfeld won the Slovak Youth Wrestling Championship, and in 1929 the adult championship (light and centre weight divisions).^[23] That aforementioned twelvemonth, he also won the national battle championship and an international gymnastics championship. During the ensuing decade, Lichtenfeld's able-bodied activities focused mainly on wrestling, both every bit a contestant and a trainer.

In the mid-1930s, anti-Semitic riots began to threaten the Jews of Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Lichtenfeld became the leader of a group of Jewish boxers and wrestlers who took to the streets to defend Jewish neighborhoods against the growing numbers of anti-Semitic Nazis. Lichtenfeld quickly discovered, however, that actual fighting was very unlike from contest fighting, and although battle and wrestling were skilful sports, they were not always applied for the aggressive and vicious nature of street combat. It was so that he started to re-evaluate his ideas nearly fighting and started developing the skills and techniques that would somewhen get Krav Maga. Having go a thorn in the side of the equally anti-Semitic local government, in 1940 Lichtenfeld left his dwelling house with his family and friends on the last refugee ship to escape Europe.

US Air Force Security forces members during Krav Maga preparation.

Afterward making his way to Mandatory Palestine, Lichtenfeld joined the Haganah paramilitary system.^[24] In 1944 Lichtenfeld began training fighters in his areas of expertise: concrete fitness, pond, wrestling, use of the knife, and defense against pocketknife attacks. During this menstruation, Lichtenfeld trained several aristocracy units of the Haganah including Palmach (hit force of the Haganah and forerunner of the special units of the Israel Defense force Forces) and the Pal-Yam, as well as groups of constabulary officers.

In 1948, when the State of State of israel was founded and the IDF was formed, Lichtenfeld became Chief Teacher for Physical Fitness and Krav Maga at the IDF Schoolhouse of Combat Fitness. He served in the IDF for well-nigh 20 years, during which time he developed and refined his unique method for self-defense and manus-to-hand combat. ^[25] Cocky-defense force was not a new concept, since almost all martial arts had developed some class of defensive techniques in their quest for tournament or sport dominance. Still, self-defence force was based strictly upon the scientific and dynamic principles of the human trunk. In 1965 judo training was added as part of the Krav Maga preparation. Until 1968 there were no grades in Krav Maga. Then a trainee's grades were adamant largely past his noesis in judo.^{[26] [27]}

In 1968 Eli Avikzar, Lichtenfeld's principal student and start blackness chugalug,^[28] began learning aikido. In 1971 Eli left for France, where he received a black belt in aikido.^[29] Upon his return, Avikzar started working as an teacher aslope Imi to integrate more traditional martial arts into krav maga.^[30] And so in 1974 Imre retired and gave Eli Avikzar control over the Krav Maga training center in Netanya.^[31] Soon later, in 1976, Avikzar joined the permanent force of IDF, as head of the Krav Maga section. The role of Krav Maga in the regular army advanced greatly after Eli's appointment. More courses were given and every P.E. instructor was obliged to learn Krav Maga. Avikzar continued to develop Krav Maga within the IDF until his retirement in 1987. Up to this appointment, Eli had trained 80,000 male soldiers and 12,000 female person soldiers.^[28]

Further pursuing excellence equally a student of martial arts, Eli went to Frg in 1977 and received a black belt in aikido from the European Federation.^[32] In 1978 the Krav Maga association was established, and in 1989, as an active member of the judo association, Eli Avikzar helped to institute the professional and rank committees past founding the Israeli Krav Maga Association (IKMA or KAMI).^{[32] [33]} Eli retired every bit the Chief Krav Maga instructor in 1987 and Boaz Aviram became the third person to agree the position, being the last head instructor to have studied directly with both Lichtenfeld and Avikzar.^{[27] [34]}

Krav Maga in the Israeli government [edit]

The IDF offers a v-calendar week Krav Maga teacher course.^[35] Information technology has held an annual Krav Maga competition since May 2013.^[36]

Krav Maga for civilians [edit]

Upon Imi Lichtenfeld's retirement from the IDF, he decided to open up a school and teach Krav Maga to civilians.^[37] The outset Krav Maga course took place at the Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel, in 1971, under his direct supervision.^{[38] [39]}

Lichtenfeld died in January 1998 in Netanya, Israel.^[40]

Grading system [edit]

Most of the Krav Maga organizations in Israel use Imi Lichtenfeld's colored belt grading system which is based upon the Judo ranking arrangement. It starts with white chugalug, and then yellow, orange, green, blue, brown and black belts. Black belt students tin can motion upwardly the ranks from 1st to 9th Dan. The time and requirements for advancing have some differences betwixt the organizations.

Other organizations that teach Krav Maga in and outside of Israel use similar grading systems.^[41]

A patch system was developed by Eyal Yanilov in the late 1980s. The grades are divided into three chief categories; Practitioner, Graduate and Expert. Each of the categories, which are oft abbreviated to their initials, has five ranks. Grades P1 through to P5 are the educatee levels and make upwards the bulk of the Krav Maga community.^[42] After P5 are G1-G5, and in order to reach Graduate level the student has to demonstrate a proficiency in all of the P level techniques earlier advancing.^[43]

Chugalug colors and IKMF patches

White
Yellowish
Orange
Green
Blue
Brown
Black

Although at that place are some subtle differences, the various organizations teach the aforementioned core techniques and principles.^[44] Some other organizations take less formal grading ranks without belts or patches but practice take levels by which students can monitor their progress.^[45]

Sparring [edit]

In some organizations sparring is slow and light until the student reaches G2 level. This takes approximately iv to six years because rising 1 level in the Practitioner and Graduate categories takes at minimum half a year of consistent grooming. It is, however, more common to observe regular trainees grading merely once a twelvemonth from P3 and up.^[46]

Once in G2, students also practice simulated "real" fighting with protective gear.^[47]

See also [edit]

• Shut-quarters combat
• Jieitaikakutojutsu
• Defendu
• Combatives

References [edit]

1. ^ "Nearly Krav Maga". sgskravmaga.com.au.
2. ^ ^{a b} Green, Thomas A. (2001). Martial Arts of the World: En Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1576071502 . Retrieved xiii Apr 2017.
3. ^ "Traditional Krav Maga(TM): Eli Avikzar the Second in Israeli Defense Force Krav Maga Chief Instructor". kravmaganewyork.blogspot.com.
4. ^ "Krav Maga Federation – Israeli Martial Arts and Self-Defense". kravmagainc.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved half-dozen Apr 2015.
5. ^ Levine, Darren; Whitman, John (2009). Complete Krav Maga: The Ultimate Guide to Over 200 Self-Defense and Antagonistic Techniques. ISBN978-1569751794 . Retrieved three April 2015.
6. ^ Hodsdon, Amelia (8 February 2005). "Go your kicks with Israeli tricks". The Guardian . Retrieved 5 March 2013.
7. ^ Inside Israel, Nov 2002, Vol. 40, No. xi, p. 68 Black Belt Magazine, Active Interest Media
8. ^ Blackness Chugalug Magazine, July 2000, Vol. 38, No. vii, p. 37 Krav Maga'southward Meridian ten, Active Interest Media
9. ^ "All modify on the buses". BBC News. 15 January 1998. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
10. ^ "Elite soldiers fight information technology out in IDF's beginning-always Krav Maga tournament". IDF Weblog. 27 May 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016.
11. ^ ^{a b} Jim Wagner and Maj. Avi Nardia. "Inside Israel". Black Belt Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
12. ^ Ben-Yehuda, Ehud; Weinstein, David (1961). Ben-Yehuda's Pocket English-Hebrew Hebrew-English Dictionary. New York: Pocket books. ISBN978-0671688622.
13. ^ ^{a b} Dark-brown, Francis; Driver, Due south.; C., Briggs (2012). The Chocolate-brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English language Dictionary. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson. ISBN978-1565632066.
14. ^ "Krav maga training: preparing for street reality". Krav Maga Guild . Retrieved 25 May 2017.
15. ^ Poulomi Banerjee (28 January 2009). "Contact combat: Self-Defense force classes to stay prophylactic". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
16. ^ Black Chugalug, July 2000, Vol. 38, No. vii, p. 37 Krav Maga'due south Top 10, Active interest Media
17. ^ Black Chugalug, July 2000, Vol. 38, No. 7, p. 35
18. ^ ^{a b} Black Belt, July 2000, Vol. 38, No. 7, p. 37
19. ^ Kahn, David (2016). Krav Maga Defence: How to Defend Yourself Against the 12 Most Common Unarmed Street Attacks. St. Martin's Press. ISBN978-1250090836 . Retrieved xiii Apr 2017.
20. ^ Levine, Darren; Hoover, Ryan (2009). Krav Maga for Beginners: A Step-past-Pace Guide to the World's Easiest-to-Acquire, Near-Effective Fitness and Fighting Plan. Ulysses Press. ISBN978-1569755372 . Retrieved 13 Apr 2017.
21. ^ "What is Krav Maga?". Tactica Krav Maga Found . Retrieved xiii April 2017.
22. ^ "List of Krav Maga Techniques (Beginner & Advanced)".
23. ^ "Bio Imi Lichtenfeld | Fédération Européenne de Krav-maga". www.krav-maga.net. Archived from the original on 21 Oct 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
24. ^ Martins, Victor Figueiredo, João Carlos, Marcelo. "Krav Maga". world wide web.kravmaga.com.br. Archived from the original on 29 Jan 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
25. ^ "Krav Maga Toronto | Imi Lichtenfeld, Founder of Krav Maga". Krav Maga Toronto. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
26. ^ "Eli Avikzar". krav-maga.wincol.ac.il/. Archived from the original on 22 Feb 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
27. ^ ^{a b} "Eli Avikzar". traditionalkravmaga.com.
28. ^ ^{a b} "What is 1000.A.M.I?". kravmagen.ca.
29. ^ Aviram, Boaz (11 November 2019). The Krav Maga Expert – Mental Training to become Pure Krav Maga and Hand-to ... ISBN978-1794739185 – via Google Books.
30. ^ "About the Founder Eli Avikzar". kravmagen.ca.
31. ^ "History of Krav-Maga". krav-maga.ro.
32. ^ ^{a b} "Israeli Krav Maga vs. Commando Krav Maga". judo-for-self-defense.com.
33. ^ "Founder Of K.A.M.I | kami". Retrieved 8 May 2020.
34. ^ "Founder of Krav Maga". krav-maga.com. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
35. ^ "Rare Glimpse into the Ultimate Martial Arts: Krav Maga Instructors' Course". IDF Blog – The Official Blog of the Israel Defense Forces. 21 March 2012. Archived from the original on ane January 2016.
36. ^ "Elite soldiers fight it out in IDF's first-ever Krav Maga tournament". Israeli Defence Forces. 27 May 2013. Archived from the original on xx February 2016.
37. ^ Gonzalez Jr., Arturo (xv November 1976). "It's Chosen 'Kosher Kungfu' but Imi Lichtenfeld's New Martial Art Is a Deadly Thing". People Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved ten October 2011.
38. ^ Krav Maga Practical Instructors Class May 2014 23 January 2014 Archived 8 April 2014 at the Wayback Automobile
39. ^ "Emrich Lichtenfeld (sde-or)". 1000.A.Thou.I. – Krav Magen History. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
40. ^ Bob Riha, Jr. (24 February 2005). "Krav Maga teaches practical self-defense in tough workout". USA Today. Archived from the original on two Apr 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
41. ^ "Grading Organization". krav-maga.com. Archived from the original on five March 2013. Retrieved v March 2013.
42. ^ "Virtually Krav Maga". world wide web.kravmagaglobalne.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
43. ^ "Krav Maga Grading System". www.sgskravmaga.com.au . Retrieved 9 July 2020.
44. ^ "Dwelling Folio". Westward.A.Five . Retrieved 30 July 2017.
45. ^ "Becoming An OIS Teacher". Retrieved 22 February 2018.
46. ^ "Krav Maga for Civilians – Krav Maga Global KMG". Krav-maga.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
47. ^ "Fighting Drills G2 – Preparation Syllabus Sample". Maxkravmaga.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved nineteen Nov 2015.

External links [edit]

• Media related to Krav Maga at Wikimedia Commons

franklinablent.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krav_Maga

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